Ecological theory is a branch of sociology that examines the relationship between individuals and their social environment. It focuses on how the physical, social, and cultural factors of an environment influence an individual's behavior, attitudes, and interactions with others. Ecological theory emphasizes the importance of understanding the interconnectedness of various systems within a community, such as families, schools, workplaces, and neighborhoods, in shaping an individual's development and well-being. Researchers in this area may study topics such as social support networks, community resources, and environmental justice to better understand how these factors impact individual and group outcomes.